تخمین حالت ریز شبکه DC و حسگر مستقر بر اساس سنجش فشار(مقاله به همراه ترجمه)
مقاله به همراه ترجمه 6 صفحه pdf و 14 صفحه ترجمه word
تخمین حالت ریز شبکه DC و حسگر مستقر بر اساس سنجش فشار
نمونه فارسی:
شوتانگ یو
دانشگاه تنسی , ناکسویل, TN , ایالات متحده امریکا
ایمیل : syou3@utk.edu
چکیده- این مقاله یک حالت تخمینی ریز شبکه ایی DC را پیشنهاد می کند و روش قرار گیری حسگر را بر اساس سنجش فشار را ارائه می دهد. قائده گذاری انواع مختلف اندازگیری ها و مفاهیم تحت چهارچوب پیشنهاد شده توسعه یافته است. یکی از اندازگیری ها فنی را برای کمینه کردن ارتباط ماتریس اندازگیری قرار می دهد و بنابراین افزایش دقت تخمین را به ارمغان می آورد. نتایج شبیه سازی نشان می دهد که تخمین حالت پیشنهاد شده رویکرد قرار گیری حسگر می تواند به صورت موثری شمار حسگر ها را که برای به دست آوردن سطح ویژه ای از دقت تخمین می باشند را کاهش دهد.
عبارات شاخص : ریز شبکه DC , تخمین حالت , سنجش فشار
I . مقدمه
ریز شبکه برای تمام کردن تجدیدپذیری ها و منابع توزیع شده برای بهبود دادن قابلیت توان شبکه می باشد, و این ریز شبکه برای کاهش دادن هزینه ها و پیچیدگی های محیط می باشد[1-10].. بسته به این افزایش دادن تولید مبتنی بر تبدیل , ذخیره انرژی و بار , ریزشبکه DC یک گزینه معمول برای پیکربندی ریز شبکه می باشد و مشکلات به شدت توسط مطالعات اخیر کنترل می شود. تولید (انرزی) توزیع شده نظیر باد , PV و سلول های سوختی بر اساس DC یا دارای پیوند های داخلی DC [11-28] هستند. علاوه بر این , برای بهبود بهتر کنترل پذیری و کارآمدی, بارها نیز بر اساس توان DC بیشتر می شوند.به عنوان مثال , موتورها با سرعت های مختلف , آبزار های الکترونیکی , و ابزار های گرمسازی را می توان نام برد.منابع توزیع شده نظیر نظیر باتری ها و ابر خازن ها , شبیه به ابزار های DC ذاتی رده بندی شده اند [29-51].
برای امنیت سیستم ها با توان بزرگ مقیاس با سیستم های کنترل و آگاهی از وضعیت اهدا مجهز شده اند , که این سیستم ها تشکیل می شوند از حسگر ها , الگوریتم های تجزیه و تحلیل پیشرفته و محرک ها یا فعال کننده های چندگانه[5,6, 52-54].افزایش قابلیت تجدیدپذیری دشواری های بیشتری را اضافه می کند همچنین بر مقدار آگاهی بر وضعیت سیستم می افزاید[29,30,49]. مشابه با سیستم های با توان بزرگ , این موضوع برای درک وضعیت عملگر ریز شبکه DC برای کنترل متنوع و اهداف حفاظت مهم می باشد. اختلاف و عدم اطمینان از منابع توزیع شده به همراه خود چالشی برای درک کردن وضعیت عملکرد ریزشبکه در زمان واقعی می آورد[15,19,55]. از آنجا که ریز شبکه انعطاف پذیری را برای تمام کردن یا قطع مقدار قابل توجهی از منابع توزیع شده بدون نیاز به گزارش به مراکز کنترل همانند شبکه های بزرگ تدارک می بیند, ریز شبکه بیشتر نسبت به تغییر ولتاژ موثر و نوسانات توان جریان آسیب پذیر است [1,56]. علاوه بر این , بسیاری از مولد های توزیع شده و بار ها دارای ابزاری جهت سنجش که نصب شده باشد در نقاط ارتباط نمی باشد, که این موضوع را برای آگاهی موضعی مقایسه شده با شبکه های بزرگ با توان بالا متعارف دشوار می باشد.
آنجا تعدادی مطالعه پیشگام وجود دارند که حسگر فشاری را در سیستم های قدرت اجرا می کند. به عنوان مثال , رفرنس [57,58] سنجش فشار اعمال شده برای به دست آوردن تفکیک پذیری بالاتر زمانی که مشاهده کردن هارمونیک و درون هارمونیک است .رفرنس [59] , استفاده شده احساس فشار برای تشخیص موقعیت اشتباه در سیستم های توزیع می باشد. رفرنس [60] روش های جدید مطالعه شده بر اساس ایده حس کردن فشار برای تصحیح خطای چشم پوشی شده از طریق اندازگیری های غیر خطی می باشد رفرنس [61] و [62] یک روش جدید بر اساس حس کردن فشار برای شناسایی وضعیت جغرافیایی می باشد. رفرنس [63] حس گر ولتاژ اتصال قوی در سیستم های توزیع را مطالعه کرده , که اجازه به کار بردن سنجش فشار در تخمین حالت سیستم توزیع را می دهد. در [64,65] , سنجش فشار به کار برده شده بود تا داده های مفقود و داده های هم زمان ساز بد را نوسازی کند و پهنای باند مورد نیاز ارتباطات در سیستم های اندازگیری مساحت گسترده را کاهش می دهد. رفرنس [66] سنجش فشار اعمال شده را همانند یک روش خنثی سازی سیگنال در ارتباطات خط برق به کار برده اند. در [67,68] , سنجش فشاری اعمال شده بود تا قطعی خطوط برق به وسیله ی توجه کردن به توان شبکه همانند گراف مجزا شناسایی شوند. مسئله وابستگی بالا در ماتریس های سنجش با تجزیه ماتریس حل شده[69].
سهم اصلی این مقاله عبارت است از پیشنهاد یک روش تخمین بر اساس احساس کردن فشار (CS) برای بهبود آگاهی از وضعیت ریزشبکه DC . تحت چهارچوب حس کردن فشار , فرمول های اندازگیری مختلف و مولفه هایی شامل ولتاژ, جریان , و شبه توان و حسگر های واقعی توسعه یافته اند تا شبکه DC تخمینی با استفاده از مقیاس کمتر بیان شود. برای بهبود عملکرد تخمین , روش متر کردن مکان ارائه شده تا اندازه ماتریس وابسته را کاهش دهد. بیان تخمین پیشنهاد شده و روش های متر کردن بر روی شارش توان DC استاندارد جایگاه IEEE 9 و سیستم های جایگاه 118 تست شده اند.
نمونه انگلیسی:
DC Microgrid State Estimation and Sensor Placement Based on Compressive Sensing
Shutang You University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
Email: syou3@utk.edu
Abstract— This paper proposes a DC microgrid state estimation and sensor placement method based on compressive sensing. Formulations of various types of measurements and components are developed under the proposed framework. A measurement placing strategy to minimize the coherence of the measurement matrix and thus increase estimation accuracy is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed state estimation and sensor placing approach can effectively reduce the number of sensors to achieve a certain level of estimation accuracy.
Index Terms— DC microgrid, state estimation, compressive sensing.
- INTRODUCTION
Microgrid is important for integrating renewables and distributed resources for improving power grid reliability, and reducing cost and environmental impact [1-10]. Due to these increasing inverter-based generation, energy storages, and loads, DC microgrid is becoming a popular option for microgrid configuration and its control problems have been intensively studied recently. Distributed generation such as wind, PV, and fuel cells are based on DC or have internal DC links [11-28]. Additionally, to improve better controllability and efficiency, loads are also becoming more based on DC power. For example, the various-speed motors, electronic devices, and heating. Distributed sources such as batteries and super capacitors, are also categorized as DC devices inherently [29-51].
For security, large-scale power systems are equipped with dedicate situation awareness and control systems, which consist sensors, advanced analysis algorithms, and multiple actuators [5, 6, 52-54]. The increase of renewables adds more difficulties as well as value of system situation awareness [29, 30, 49]. Similar to large power systems, it is important to understand DC microgrid operation situation for various control and protection purposes. The variation and uncertainty of distributed resources brings challenges for understanding the real-time microgrid operation situation [15, 19, 55]. As the microgrid provides flexibility for integrating or shut down a substantial amount of distributed resources without having to report to control centers as in large power grids, the microgrid is more vulnerable to drastic voltage changes and power flow fluctuations [1, 56]. Moreover, many distributed generators and loads do not have meters installed at the point of connection, which makes it difficult for situational awareness compared with conventional large power grids.
There are some pioneer studies that apply compressive sensing has in power systems. For example, Ref. [57, 58] applied compressive sensing to obtain higher resolution when observing harmonics and interharmonics. Ref. [59] used compressive sensing to detect the fault location in distribution systems. Ref. [60] studied new methods based on the idea of compressive sensing to correct spare error from nonlinear measurements. Ref. [61] and [62] proposed a new method based on compressive sensing for topology identification. Ref. [63] studied the strong coupling of voltage phasors in distribution systems, which allows the application of compressive sensing in distribution system state estimation. In [64, 65], compressive sensing was applied to reconstruct missing and bad synchrophasor data and reduce communication bandwidth requirements in wide-area measurement systems. Ref. [66] applied compressive sensing as a signal denoising method in power line communications. In [67, 68], compressive sensing was applied to power line outages identification by considering the power network as single graph. The issue of high coherence in the sensing matrices was tackled by matrix decomposition [69].
The main contribution of this paper is to propose a state estimation method based on compressive sensing (CS) to improve DC microgrid situation awareness. Under the compressive sensing framework, the formulations of various measurements and components including voltage, current, and power pseudo and real sensors are developed for DC grid state estimation using fewer meters. To improve estimation performance, a meter placing method is presented to minimize the coherence of the measurement matrix. The proposed state estimation and meter placement methods are tested on the standard DC power flow representation of the IEEE 9 bus and 118 bus systems.
نمونه منابع:
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