Preface.

Acknowledgements.

1 Image Processing.

1.1 Basic Definitions.

1.2 Image Formation.

1.3 Image Processing Operations.

1.4 Example Application.

1.5 Real-Time Image Processing.

1.6 Embedded Image Processing.

1.7 Serial Processing.

1.8 Parallelism.

1.9 Hardware Image Processing Systems.

2 Field Programmable Gate Arrays.

2.1 Programmable Logic.

2.2 FPGAs and Image Processing.

2.3 Inside an FPGA.

2.4 FPGA Families and Features.

2.5 Choosing an FPGA or Development Board.

3 Languages.

3.1 Hardware Description Languages.

3.2 Software-Based Languages.

3.3 Visual Languages.

3.4 Summary.

4 Design Process.

4.1 Problem Specification.

4.2 Algorithm Development.

4.3 Architecture Selection.

4.4 System Implementation.

4.5 Designing for Tuning and Debugging.

5 Mapping Techniques.

5.1 Timing Constraints.

5.2 Memory Bandwidth Constraints.

5.3 Resource Constraints.

5.4 Computational Techniques.

5.5 Summary.

6 Point Operations.

6.1 Point Operations on a Single Image.

6.2 Point Operations on Multiple Images.

6.3 Colour Image Processing.

6.4 Summary.

7 Histogram Operations.

7.1 Greyscale Histogram.

7.2 Multidimensional Histograms.

8 Local Filters.

8.1 Caching.

8.2 Linear Filters.

8.3 Nonlinear Filters.

8.4 Rank Filters.

8.5 Colour Filters.

8.6 Morphological Filters.

8.7 Adaptive Thresholding.

8.8 Summary.

9 Geometric Transformations.

9.1 Forward Mapping.

9.2 Reverse Mapping.

9.3 Interpolation.

9.4 Mapping Optimisations.

9.5 Image Registration.

10 Linear Transforms.

10.1 Fourier Transform.

10.2 Discrete Cosine Transform.

10.3 Wavelet Transform.

10.4 Image and Video Coding.

11 Blob Detection and Labelling.

11.1 Bounding Box.

11.2 Run-Length Coding.

11.3 Chain Coding.

11.4 Connected Component Labelling.

11.5 Distance Transform.

11.6 Watershed Transform.

11.7 Hough Transform.

11.8 Summary.

12 Interfacing.

12.1 Camera Input.

12.2 Display Output.

12.3 Serial Communication.

12.4 Memory.

12.5 Summary.

13 Testing, Tuning and Debugging.

13.1 Design.

13.2 Implementation.

13.3 Tuning.

13.4 Timing Closure.

14 Example Applications.

14.1 Coloured Region Tracking.

14.2 Lens Distortion Correction.

14.3 Foveal Sensor.

14.4 Range Imaging.

14.5 Real-Time Produce Grading.

14.6 Summary.

References.

Index.